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Evaluación de los cambios biofísicos en parásitos de Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania guyanensis y Leishmania panamensis sometidos a Anfotericina B
dc.contributor.advisor | Lozano Jiménez, Yenny Yolanda | |
dc.contributor.advisor | Vargas Jiménez, Abelino | |
dc.contributor.author | Ochoa Cabezas, Diana Carolina | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-05-22T17:20:51Z | |
dc.date.available | 2024-05-22T17:20:51Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2023-09 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/6900 | |
dc.description.abstract | La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad de las zonas tropicales y subtropicales del planeta producida por parásitos del género Leishmania, esta se presenta frecuentemente en poblaciones vulnerables; siendo catalogada como una enfermedad emergente en el territorio colombiano, que presenta dificultades de diagnóstico especie-específico, aunado a los tratamientos incompletos o con dosis subletales, los cuales generan parásitos quimio-resistentes. A pesar de la gran variedad de estudios, no hay reportes de caracterizaciones biofísicas que puedan aportar a la creación de técnicas de diagnóstico eficientes, pero que conserven la resolución de los métodos moleculares. Por ende, el objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar las propiedades biomecánicas de L.(V.) panamensis, L.(V.) guyanensis y L.(L.) amazonensis mediante técnicas biofísicas como determinación de la densidad por establecimiento del punto isopícnico, medición de la elasticidad celular por acustofluídica y velocidad de nado por análisis de desplazamiento de los parásitos en cultivo, en condiciones fisiológicas normales y las diferencias de estas cuando presentan sensibilidad a Anfotericina B (AnfB). Como resultados, se obtuvo que las propiedades biofísicas medidas son buenos biomarcadores de citotoxicidad ante Anfotericina B, ya que hay cambios significativos cuando se comparan con promastigotes control, especialmente en la densidad, tamaño, movilidad celular y comportamiento en el campo acústico. Aunque, sobre todo en las mediciones de densidad y comportamiento en el campo acústico, se encontraron diferencias entre especies, es necesario realizar estas mediciones sobre otras especies de Leishmania para poder proponerlos como biomarcadores taxonómicos. | spa |
dc.description.abstract | Leishmaniasis is a disease of tropical and subtropical areas of the planet produced by parasites of the Leishmania genus. It frequently occurs in vulnerable populations; being classified as an emerging disease in Colombian territory, which presents difficulties in species-specific diagnosis, coupled with incomplete treatments or with sublethal doses, which generate chemo-resistant parasites. Despite the great variety of studies, there are no reports of biophysical characterizations that can contribute to the creation of efficient diagnostic techniques, but that preserve the resolution of molecular methods. Therefore, the objective of this work is to characterize the biomechanical properties of L.(V.) panamensis, L.(V.) guyanensis and L.(L.) amazonensis using biophysical techniques such as determination of density by establishing the isopycnal point, measurement of cellular elasticity by acoustofluidics and swimming speed by displacement analysis of parasites in culture, under normal physiological conditions and the differences between these when they present sensitivity to Amphotericin B (AnfB). As results, it was obtained that the measured biophysical properties are good biomarkers of cytotoxicity against Amphotericin B, since there are significant changes when compared to control promastigotes, especially in density, size, cell mobility and behaviour in the acoustic field. Although, especially in the measurements of density and behaviour in the acoustic field, differences were found between species, it is necessary to carry out these measurements on other Leishmania species to be able to propose them as taxonomic biomarkers. | eng |
dc.description.tableofcontents | TABLA DE CONTENIDO 1. Introducción 1 2. Planteamiento del problema 3 3. Justificación 6 4. Hipótesis 9 5. Objetivos 10 5.1 Objetivo General10 5.2 Objetivos específicos 10 6. Marco conceptual y generalidades 11 6.1 Generalidades de la enfermedad 11 6.2 Características de la infección 15 6.2.1 Ciclo de Vida del parásito 15 6.2.2 Metaciclogénesis 17 6.2.3 Ciclo biológico en el hospedero vertebrado 19 6.3 Identificación de las especies de Leishmania 21 6.4 Acustofluídica en la caracterización de propiedades físicas celulares 23 7. Metodología: 26 7.1 Cultivo celular: 26 7.1.1 Mantenimiento del cultivo de PG: 26 7.1.2 Cambio de MC para PG: 26 7.1.3 Transformación de promastigotes a amastigotes27 7.2 Curvas de crecimiento: 30 7.2.1 Preparación de las muestras 30 CARACTERIZACIÓN BIOFÍSICA DE LEISHMANIA SPP. 7.2.2 Promastigotes: 31 7.2.3 Amastigotes: 31 7.3 Efecto de dosis subletales de AnfB sobre PG de Leishmania. 31 7.3.1 Parámetros de cultivo 31 7.3.2 Montaje experimental 32 7.4 Medición de las propiedades físicas 32 7.4.1 Medición de tamaños: 32 7.4.2 Determinación de la densidad celular 𝝆�𝑪� mediante gradientes de Percoll ® 33 7.4.3 Medición de la rapidez, Coeficiente de Movilidad y Fuerza Flagelar de los PG. 37 7.4.4 Medición de la elasticidad celular 40 8. Resultados y Discusión 50 8.1 Objetivo 150 8.1.1 Curvas de crecimiento PG 50 8.1.2 Curvas de crecimiento PG bajo el efecto de AnfB. 52 8.1.3 Curvas de crecimiento AG 61 8.2 Objetivo 270 8.2.1 Análisis de la medición del tamaño del parásito 70 8.2.2 Mediciones en estadio PG sin AnfB 72 8.2.3 Medición de los tamaños de PG con AnfB 77 8.2.4 Medición de los tamaños de AG 88 8.3 Objetivo 393 8.3.1 Medición de la densidad 93 8.3.2 Medición de la Velocidad media de los PG de Leishmania 99 8.3.3 Construcción de dispositivos microfluídicos acoplados a fuerzas acústicas 101 CARACTERIZACIÓN BIOFÍSICA DE LEISHMANIA SPP. 8.3.4 Comportamiento de los PG de Leishmania en el campo acústico. 103 8.3.5 Comportamiento de los AG en el campo acústico. 110 8.3.6 Comportamiento de los PG expuestos a AnfB en el campo acústico. 112 9. Conclusiones 115 10. Recomendaciones 118 11. Referencias 119 12. Anexos 126 12.1 Anexo 1: Absorbancias medidas para determinar la viabilidad de AG por MTT 126 12.1.1 𝑨�𝒃�𝒔�𝟓�𝟔�𝟐� de los controles experimentales utilizados en el método de MTT126 12.1.2 𝑨�𝒃�𝒔�𝟓�𝟔�𝟐� de los resultados experimentales para L.(V.) amazonensis. 126 12.1.3 𝑨�𝒃�𝒔�𝟓�𝟔�𝟐� de los resultados experimentales para L.(V.) panamensis. 127 12.2 Anexo 2 128 12.2.1 Prueba Shapiro – Wilk para evaluar distribución normal de los datos de 𝑨�𝒃�𝒔�𝟓�𝟔�𝟐� 128 12.3 Anexo 3 130 12.3.1 Prueba Shapiro – Wilk para evaluar distribución normal de los datos de tamaños de PG en condiciones normales. 130 12.3.2 Prueba Shapiro – Wilk para evaluar distribución normal de los datos de tamaños de PG con AnfB . 131 12.3.3 Cálculo de la incertidumbre para reportar el volumen 131 12.3.4 Prueba de Shapiro – Wilk para evaluar distribución normal para los diámetros de AG. 132 12.4 Anexo 4 133 12.3.1 Prueba Shapiro – Wilk para evaluar distribución normal de las 𝒗�𝒑�de nado de PG. 133 | spa |
dc.format.extent | 152p. | spa |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
dc.publisher | Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca | spa |
dc.rights | Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2024 | spa |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ | spa |
dc.title | Evaluación de los cambios biofísicos en parásitos de Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania guyanensis y Leishmania panamensis sometidos a Anfotericina B | spa |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | spa |
dc.contributor.corporatename | Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca | spa |
dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | spa |
dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Microbiología | spa |
dc.description.researcharea | Salud Humana - Diagnóstico | spa |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud | spa |
dc.publisher.place | Bogotá D.C, Colombia | spa |
dc.publisher.program | Maestría en Microbiología | spa |
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