Performatividad y sexualidad: un análisis del discurso en la red social de las y los adolescentes con síndrome de down del colegio Gustavo Restrepo

Abstract

La discapacidad en general, ha transitado por una larga historia de discriminación y vulneración de derechos humanos. Se parte desde la antigüedad, momento en el cual, la discapacidad era concebida como un castigo de los dioses, pasando entonces por la eugenesia y la rehabilitación. En la actualidad, siglo de la “lucha por los derechos humanos”, la sociedad sigue replicando dichos discursos estigmatizados, y por consiguiente, vulneradores de derechos. Dicha situación, se convierte entonces, en un desafío para la profesión y t oda la sociedad, pues, requiere de la reestructuración de políticas y normatividades internacionales, nacionales, distritales y locales por medio de las cuales se impone la noción de “normalidad” en los cuerpos, haciendo énfasis en la discriminación que las personas con discapacidad viven en lo cotidiano. Acciones, como la esterilización a mujeres con discapacidad cognitiva sin su consentimiento y los abortos legales si existe alguna malformación, representan y terminan materializando dicho discurso social que desprecia y reduce el valor de las personas con discapacidad. Su representación social de infantes y las creencias religiosas de la santidad en comprensivo, con un alcance exploratorio. Los resultados visibilizan cómo en medio de esa constante estigmatización y exclusión, existen formas de resistencia a dichos discursos hegemónicos, que transmutan las normas sociales y reformulan las nociones de la sexualidad dadas hasta este momento de la historia.

Disability in general has gone through a long history of discrimination, violation and denial of human rights. It starts from ancient times, at which time, disability was conceived as a punishment from the gods, then going through eugenics and rehabilitation. At present, century of the "vindication of human rights", society continues to replicate these stigmatized discourses and, consequently, violators of rights. This situation, then, becomes a challenge for the profession and the whole society, because it requires the restructuring of international, national, district and local policies and regulations through which the notion of “normality” is imposed on bodies, emphasizing the double discrimination that people with disabilities3 suffer in everyday life. Actions such as sterilization of women with cognitive disabilities without their consent, legal abortions if there is any malformation, represent and end up materializing such social discourse that despises and reduces the value of people with disabilities. Their social representation of infants and the religious beliefs of holiness in their bodies, socially delegitimize the possibility and total capacity of s The asexuality that falls on people with disabilities through violent social discourse and directly denies the exercise of their rights as subjects and political subjects that are in society. In accordance with the above, it is necessary from the profession the creation and implementation of methodological and pedagogical tools, which vindicate and make visible the sexual practices of persons with disabilities. In this sense, this research exercise consisted in analyzing through the discourse of social networks4 how the sexuality of adolescents with Down Syndrome in the Gustavo Restrepo College is performatized during the I and II period of 2019, in which 10 people belonging to the social network participated, being these mothers caregivers, teachers and civil servants of the institution. Likewise, there were the participation of different medical positions regarding sexuality in people with Down Syndrome, in order to investigate how these situations are addressed from the exercise of health. This research is of qualitative nat ure, carried out under the comprehensive interpretive paradigm, with an exploratory scope. The results show how, in the midst of this constant stigmatization and exclusion, there are forms of resistance to these hegemonic discourses, which transmute social norms and reformulate the notions of sexuality given up to this moment in history.